Tārā - Mother of Tibetan Buddhism
Tārā (Sanskrit: तारा, Tārā; Tib. སྒྲོལ་མ, Drolma), the female Buddha, is considered the other most revered Bodhisattva in Tibetan Buddhism, next only to Chenrezig.
In Tibetan Buddhism it is believed that Tārā practice was given by Buddha Śākyamuni together with the Vajrayāna teachings about the Nature of the Mind and Buddhist tantra. It became very popular in India and later with the Guru Rinpoche was brought to Tibet.
There are a few accounts about the origin of Tārā:
According to the most popular story Tārā was a young princess who was living millions of years in the past.
Her name was Yeshe Dawa, which means "Moon of Primordial Awareness".
For many thousands of lifetimes she were making offerings to the Buddha of those times, named Tonyo Drupa. She received special instructions from him about the Bodhicitta—the consciousness of a Bodhisattva.
After doing this practice for a long time, the monks were suggesting Tārā that because of her high attainment, to progress further towards enlightenment, she should pray to be reborn as a male:
To what Tārā answered, that from the point of view of Enlightenment there is no separation between male or female, it belongs to the conditioned world only. Therefore she vowed to be always reborn as a female bodhisattva until samsara ends.
After this Tārā went into deep state of meditation for 10 million years and released tens of millions of beings with the power of her meditation.
Seeing this, Tonyo Drupa told her she will henceforth manifest supreme Buddhahood as the Goddess Tārā in many world systems in the future.
Another story depicts Tārā as being born from the tears of Chenrezig:
Once, when the great Bodhisattva Chenrezig out of deep compassion was looking to the sentient beings a tears flow from his eyes and formed lakes with lotus flowers.
When the lotus flowers opened, it revealed Tārā inside.
This way from the teardrop from Chenrezig’s left eye White Tārā was emanated and Green Tārā from his right eye.
When Guru Rinpoche brought Buddhism to Tibet, he was also giving many teachings regarding Tārā practice to his consort, the Ḍākinī of wisdom Yeshe Tsogyal and the first Tibetan King who was Buddhist – Trisong Detsen.
People believed an incarnation of White Tārā was born in China, who became a princess and mother of Tibet, the wife of King Trisong Detsen, and the Green Tārā incarnation was born as a princess of Nepal.
In the next centuries the Tārā practice became very popular in Tibetan Buddhism.
The Green Tārā is known as Buddha of enlightened activity, who provides protection from fears, she is prayed for a good luck and fortune, and it is said Green Tārā protects from 8 obscurations:
- lions ( pride)
- wild elephants ( delusion and ignorance)
- fires (hatred and anger)
- snakes ( jealousy)
- bandits and thieves ( wrong views, including fanatical views)
- bondage ( avarice and miserliness)
- floods (desire and attachment)
- evil spirits and demons (deluded doubts)
White Tārā is known for compassion, long life, healing and serenity:
White Tārā counteracts illness and helps to have a long life. She embodies compassion and motivation and is said to be as white and radiant as the moon. She provides relief from bad karma as experienced by ordinary beings in cyclic existence.
Tārā meditation is often recommended for small kids who haven’t started yet the general practice. Tārā is associated with all qualities of the mother and mother’s love.
The most widely popular Tārā forms are the White Tārā and Green Tārā as discussed above. But there can be many more:
One of the main Tārā practices in Tibetan Buddhism is Praises to 21 Tārā or Homage to 21 Tārā, which is practiced in all 4 traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, usually in mornings.
As the name suggests there are considered 21 form of Tārā, each with a slightly different set of enlightened qualities. But the most popular forms are:
- Green Tārā, known as the Buddha of enlightened activity;
- White Tārā, also known for compassion, long life, healing and serenity; also known as The Wish-fulfilling Wheel, or Cinta-chakra;
- Red Tārā, of fierce aspect associated with magnetizing all good things;
- Black Tārā, associated with power;
- Yellow Tārā, associated with wealth and prosperity;
- Blue Tārā, associated with transmutation of anger, also known as patroness of Nyingma tradition.
- Cintāmaṇi Tārā, a form of Tārā widely practiced at the level of Highest Yoga Tantra in the Gelug School, portrayed as green and often conflated with Green Tārā.
- Khadiravani Tārā (Tārā of the acacia forest), who appeared to Nāgārjuna in the Khadiravani forest of South India and who is sometimes referred to as the "22nd Tārā"
The mantra of Tārā is:
Om Tare Tuttare Ture Soha
The Tārā mantra is the same for all forms of Tārā. Only the visualisation and some tantric verses of praise may be different accordingly.
In the next post we will talk more specifically about the qualities of each of 21 Tārā.